Beneficiary designation for a Solo 401(k) is handled directly by using forms included in your plan documents. There is no custodian involved — you complete, sign, and retain the forms yourself.
Two forms are available depending on who you are naming as beneficiary.
Use the Beneficiary Designation or Change form when naming individuals as beneficiaries. This covers the most common scenarios: naming a spouse, children, other family members, or friends in primary or contingent positions.
Use the Trust Beneficiary Certification form when naming a trust as a beneficiary. This form captures the details of the trust and certifies that it meets the requirements for trust beneficiary designation under the plan.
On the Beneficiary Designation or Change form, identify each beneficiary by name and relationship, and assign a percentage share. Primary beneficiary allocations must total 100%. If you are also naming contingent beneficiaries, their allocations must separately total 100%. If you are married and naming anyone other than your spouse as a primary beneficiary, your spouse must provide written consent on the form before it is signed and witnessed.
Once completed, keep a signed copy of your beneficiary designation with your other plan documents and estate planning records. There is no submission to a custodian or government agency. Your designation is a private plan record, so it is your responsibility to ensure it is accessible to your executor or successor when needed.
To update your designation, complete a new beneficiary form. The most recently dated and signed form controls. Retain the updated form and discard or clearly supersede the prior version.
This information is provided for educational purposes only and should not be interpreted as tax, legal, or investment advice. Readers are encouraged to consult a qualified professional who can offer guidance based on their personal situation.